• About Us
    • Who We Are
    • Our History
    • Mission & Values
    • Our Leadership
    • Why Choose Jost
  • Products
    • Ammonium
    • Calcium
    • Copper
    • Iron
    • Magnesium
    • Manganese
    • Potassium
    • Sodium
    • Strontium
    • Zinc
    • Ultra Pure Minerals (Low Heavy Metals)
    • JOSTCOTE® Microencapsulated Products
    • New Products
    • Custom Products
  • Our Expertise
    • cGMP Manufacturing
    • Quality
    • Research & Development
    • Customer Service
  • Markets
    • Nutritional
    • Pharmaceutical / Biotech
    • Specialty
  • Media
    • News
    • Events
    • Videos
  • Technical Info
    • Documents
    • Links
  • Contact Us
    • Sales & Customer Service
    • Locations
  • Careers
Jost Chemical Co.
  • FAQ
  • Download Catalog
  • 314-428-4300
  • About Us
    • Who We Are
    • Our History
    • Mission & Values
    • Our Leadership
    • Why Choose Jost
  • Products
    • Ammonium
    • Calcium
    • Copper
    • Iron
    • Magnesium
    • Manganese
    • Potassium
    • Sodium
    • Strontium
    • Zinc
    • Ultra Pure Minerals (Low Heavy Metals)
    • JOSTCOTE® Microencapsulated Products
    • New Products
    • Custom Products
  • Our Expertise
    • cGMP Manufacturing
    • Quality
    • Research & Development
    • Customer Service
  • Markets
    • Nutritional
    • Pharmaceutical / Biotech
    • Specialty
  • Media
    • News
    • Events
    • Videos
  • Technical Info
    • Documents
    • Links
  • Contact Us
    • Sales & Customer Service
    • Locations
  • Careers
Home › Related Articles › Iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease.
Survey of Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov

Iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease.

Abstract:

The essential trace metals iron, zinc, and copper play important roles both in retinal physiology and disease. They are involved in various retinal functions such as phototransduction, the visual cycle, and the process of neurotransmission, being tightly bound to proteins and other molecules to regulate their structure and/or function or as unbound free metal ions. Elevated levels of “free” or loosely bound metal ions can exert toxic effects, and in order to maintain homeostatic levels to protect retinal cells from their toxicity, appropriate mechanisms exist such as metal transporters, chaperones, and the presence of certain storage molecules that tightly bind metals to form nontoxic products. The pathways to maintain homeostatic levels of metals are closely interlinked, with various metabolic pathways directly and/or indirectly affecting their concentrations, compartmentalization, and oxidation/reduction states. Retinal deficiency or excess of these metals can result from systemic depletion and/or overload or from mutations in genes involved in maintaining retinal metal homeostasis, and this is associated with retinal dysfunction and pathology. Iron accumulation in the retina, a characteristic of aging, may be involved in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Zinc deficiency is associated with poor dark adaptation. Zinc levels in the human retina and RPE decrease with age in AMD. Copper deficiency is associated with optic neuropathy, but retinal function is maintained. The changes in iron and zinc homeostasis in AMD have led to the speculation that iron chelation and/or zinc supplements may help in its treatment.

PMID 24160731  /  Ugarte M, Osborne NN, Brown LA, Bishop PN

Related Products
  • Basic Copper Carbonate Purified Granular – Product Code 2310
  • Copper Citrate Hemitrihydrate Powder – Product Code 2282
  • Copper Gluconate USP Low HM Powder – Product Code 2300
  • Cupric Oxide Purified Low HM Powder – Product Code 2308
  • Copper Gluconate USP Powder – Product Code 2290
  • Cupric Oxide Purified Powder – Product Code 2283
  • Cupric Sulfate Anhydrous USP Low HM Powder – Product Code 2307
  • Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate USP Powder – Product Code 2301
  • Cupric Sulfate Anhydrous USP Powder – Product Code 2298
  • Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate USP/EP Crystals – Product Code 2296
  • Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate USP/EP Low HM Crystals – Product Code 2302
  • Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate USP/EP Low HM Powder – Product Code 2303
  • News
    • Company News
    • Product Development
    • Industry News
    • Awards
  • Events
  • Videos
  • Documents

Learn about new Jost products and events.
subscribe

  • Who We Are
  • Products
  • Documents
  • News
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Spanish
  • German
  • French

Follow Us

  • linkedin
  • facebook

Jost Chemical Co.
(The Americas and Asia)
8150 Lackland
St. Louis, MO 63114
Tel: +1 314 428 4300
Fax: +1 314 428 4366
customer.service@jostchemical.comcustomer.service@jostchemical.com

Jost Chemical Europe SPRL
(Europe, Middle East and Africa)
Rue du Bois Portal 30/1-3
5300 Andenne, Belgium
Tel: +32 85 552 655
Fax: +32 85 552 654
customer.service@jostchemical.cominfo@josteurope.com

Sitemap     Privacy Policy     Cookies     Terms of Use

Copyright © 1995-2017 Jost Chemical Co. All rights reserved.